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Category: Routing

Setup Ubiquiti Wireless Network with PSK & RADIUS

This is the seventh in a series that document the Tier 3 / Co-Managed IT work we did to setup a wireless test bed for a Linux based scientific device. The testing environment included two different wireless network hardware types (Ubiquiti and Cisco). There was also a Synology device used for various purposes including hosting the Ubiquiti controller inside a Kubernetes container, providing certificate services, providing LDAP authentication, and providing RADIUS authentication. Each article will detail a separate piece of the project. This article shows the basic setup of Ubiquiti Controller for PSK and RADIUS authentication from wireless devices.

Setup Ubiquiti Wireless Network with PSK

  1. Login to Ubiquiti controller previously created – Here
  2. Click on Setting gear icon at bottom left
  3. Make sure you are on Wifi tab and click Create New link
    • Set network BSSID
    • Create Password
    • Click Add Wifi Network button

Setup Ubiquiti Wireless Network with RADIUS

  1. Login to Ubiquiti controller previously created – Here
  2. Click on Setting gear icon at bottom left
    • Click on Profiles
    • Click on Radius Tab
    • Click on Create New link
    • Give the Profile a name
    • Enter RADIUS server IP address as Authentication Server
    • Enter RADIUS shared secret
    • Click Add
    • Click Apply Changes
  3. Click on Wifi Tab
  4. Click on Create New link
  5. Set network BSSID
  6. Change Advanced to Manual
  7. Set Security Protocol – WPA2 Enterprise
  8. Select new RADIUS Profile
  9. Click Add Wifi Network

If your company has highly customized setup requirements that you need consulting for, then contact us for assistance.

Setup Cisco Wireless Network with PSK & RADIUS

Cisco Wireless Controller

This is the sixth in a series that document the Tier 3 / Co-Managed IT work we did to setup a wireless test bed for a Linux based scientific device. The testing environment included two different wireless network hardware types (Ubiquiti and Cisco). There was also a Synology device used for various purposes including hosting the Ubiquiti controller inside a Kubernetes container, providing certificate services, providing LDAP authentication, and providing RADIUS authentication. Each article will detail a separate piece of the project. This article shows the basic setup of Cisco Wireless Controller for PSK and RADIUS authentication from wireless devices.

Setup Cisco Wireless Network with PSK

  1. Login to Cisco Wireless Controller
  2. Click on WLANs tab at top
  3. Click on GO next to Create New drop down
  4. Create Profile Name & SSID
  5. Click Apply
  6. Click Enabled next to Status
  7. Click Apply
  8. Click on Security tab
  9. Uncheck 802.1x
  10. Check PSK
  11. Enter Pre-Shared Key next to PSK format
  12. Click Apply
  13. Click Save Configuration at the top

Setup Cisco Wireless Network with RADIUS

  1. Log into Cisco Wireless Controller
  2. Click on Security tab at top
  3. Click on Authentication under RADIUS on left hand side
  4. Change both Acct Call Station ID Type to IP Address
  5. Click Apply
  6. Click on New
  7. Add RADIUS server IP address
  8. Add Shared Secret
  9. Uncheck management
  10. Click Apply
  11. Click on WLANs tab at top
  12. Edit WLAN 1
  13. Click on Security tab
  14. Click on AAA Servers tab
  15. Change Server 1 to the one entered on RADIUS Authentication page
  16. Click Apply
  17. Click on Layer 2 tab
  18. Change Authentication type to 802.11x
  19. Click Apply
  20. Click Save Configuration at the top

If your company has highly customized setup requirements that you need consulting for, then contact us for assistance.

Setup Synology RADIUS Server & Certificates

Expand Server Storage - Clackmas County, OR

This is the fifth in a series that documents the Tier 3 / Co-Managed IT work we did to setup a wireless test bed for a Linux based scientific device. The testing environment included two different wireless network hardware types (Ubiquiti and Cisco). There was also a Synology device used for various purposes including hosting the Ubiquiti controller inside a Kubernetes container, providing certificate services, providing LDAP authentication, and providing RADIUS authentication. Each article will detail a separate piece of the project. This article shows the setup Synology RADIUS server & certificates.

Setup RADIUS Server

  1. Login to Synology
  2. Open Package Center
  3. Install RADIUS Server app
  4. Open RADIUS Server package
    • Uncheck local users
    • Check LDAP users
    • Click Apply
    • Click on Clients on left hand side
    • Click on Add
      • Create Name
      • Create Shared Secret
      • Enter IP address of Cisco WLAN controller
    • Click on Add
      • Create Name
      • Create Shared Secret
      • Enter IP address of Ubiquiti Controller

Configure RADIUS Certificates

  1. Open Control Panel
  2. Click on External Access
  3. Click on DDNS tab
  4. Click Add
    • Choose Synology as service provider
    • Add hostname
    • Click Test Connection
    • Synology DDNS Setup
    • Click OK
  5. Click on Security on left hand side
  6. Click on the Certificate tab
  7. Click on Add
    • Add new certificate
    • Synology Add Certificate
    • Click Next
    • Create description
    • Get a certificate from Let’s Encrypt
    • Synology Add Certificate Lets Encrypt
    • Click Next
    • Add needed certificate information
    • Synology Add Certificate Lets Encrypt Info
    • Click Done
  8. Click Settings button and choose appropriate RADIUS server certificate

If your company has highly customized setup requirements that you need consulting for, then contact us for assistance.

Basic Setup of Cisco Wireless Controller

This is the first in a series that document the Tier 3 / Co-Managed IT work we did to setup a wireless test bed for a Linux based scientific device. The testing environment included two different wireless network hardware types (Ubiquiti and Cisco). There was also a Synology device used for various purposes including hosting the Ubiquiti controller inside a Kubernetes container, providing certificate services, providing LDAP authentication, and providing RADIUS authentication. Each article will detail a separate piece of the project. This article shows the basic setup of Cisco Wireless Controller.

Setup of Cisco Wireless Controller

  1. Plug -in ethernet of Computer to port 2 on controller
  2. Boot controller and wait for SYS light to go solid
  3. Open web browser to http://192.168.1.1
  4. Create admin username
  5. Create password
  6. Fill in the needed information:
    1. System nameManagement IP Subnet MaskDefault Gateway
    1. Click Next
  7. Fill in temporary information for wireless
    1. Network BSSIDCreate PassphraseEnter local DHCP server address
    1. Click Next
  8. Click Apply and wait for reboot
  9. Click on Commands tab
  10. Click on Set Time on the left-hand menu
  11. Change needed values
  12. Click Set Date and Time
  13. Click Save Configuration at the top

If your company has highly customized setup requirements that you need consulting for, then contact us for assistance.

Zero Trust – Network Security

This is the ninth in a series about the concept of Zero Trust, which means in the IT sense that you trust nothing and always verify everything surrounding and connected to your network. Today’s discussion will be on Network Security. 

Network Security

Network Security is having the proper hardware and configuration of that hardware in place to protect the business network. This configuration includes segmenting network traffic to keep specific types of traffic, like guest devices, separate from traffic of business devices. It also includes keeping outsiders out of the network and detecting when they have breached security measures. Here are some questions to ask:

  • Do you have a business class router / firewall?
  • Do you have business class switches and access points that support segmentation?
  • Is your network configured to segment business traffic from guest traffic?
  • Are devices like VoIP phones and network cameras on their own network?
  • Is geo-location blocking turned on for non-essential countries?
  • Is network traffic being analyzed for suspicious activity?
  • Do you filter internet traffic?
  • Can your network detect and respond to a breach?

If your company is wanting to lock down network security, then contact us for assistance.

How is Malware Delivered?

Malware

Read a recent study on the origins of malicious software aka malware. Here are the highlights:

Current Malware Statistics

29% – Malware is previously unknown to security vendors due to the continued efforts of malware creators to hide the software or make it undetectable.

88% – Malware is delivered to people’s inboxes and some of it bypassing normal SPAM filters.

8.8 Days – Time before regular antivirus vendors have discovered the malware and added it to their lists for detection.

$50 – The cost of a pre-fabricated malware kit that can be bought currently on the dark web.

“The most common type of malicious attachments were: documents (Word – 31%), archive files (ZIP & RAR – 28%), spreadsheets (Excel – 19%) and executable files (EXE – 17%).”

What can be done?

A multi-tiered approach to security remains the best solution:

  • Moving from traditional antivirus to Enhanced Detection & Response (EDR) software to go beyond lists of know infections to behavior tracking of software
  • Moving from traditional SPAM filters to Email Advanced Threat Protection which scans each email and opens each attachment to see if there is any malicious activity cause by them
  • Moving from traditional router to a business class firewall with Intrusion Prevention System to monitor traffic for suspicious activity
  • Employee training is also key to keep your staff aware of immerging trends and threats 


If your company is looking to enhance your network security posture, then contact us for assistance.

Retail Routers for Work From Home

This blog post is more about the use of retail routers at the office than at home, just to make that clear from the beginning. We would also recommend non-retail routers at home, but that is not feasible for everyone. 

What is a retail router?

This is a phrase I am coining to describe any router that is generally available from your local retailers like Staples, Walmart, etc or delivered as part of the internet service from your local provider. They include brand names like ASUS, D-Link, Linksys, and Netgear. They range in price from $30 for the extreme low end to $450 for a gaming router. These routers are built for home and small office networks that have very few users or devices connected at any given time. They may include some features that sound “business-like” such as Virtual Private Network (VPN), Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI), VLAN, and Quality of Service (QoS) – remember though that these are also only able to support a minimum number of users and devices connected at any given time. If you try to use a retail router to run your business network then you will find that performance will be severely degraded and these features will not work as advertised.

There is also the issue of security. These routers are rarely if ever updated even when new vulnerabilities are found. This makes them ineligible for PCI or HIPAA compliance situations. 

Is there a non-retail router?

So what to do about this situation? Time to call your trusted IT services provider who will be able to get you a non-retail router, but that begs the question – what is a non-retail router? 

These routers are built by network professionals who design the hardware to perform under the pressures of the office environment and to handle the work from home remote workload. These routers include brands like Cisco, Juniper, Ubiquiti, and Araknis. They range in price from $150 for an office of up to 5 people to $10,000 for a high traffic company with hundreds of users. These routers handle VPN, SPI, VLAN, QoS, and many other services all at once with ease. Security is baked into these routers with the best ones having the ability to be managed from the cloud. They provide consistent access to all connected users and devices at all times. Your trusted IT services provider will work with you to “right size” the router to your business needs. 

If your company is going to have full time work from home employees and is concerned about their ability to perform, then contact us for assistance.

Convert Cisco 3700 AP from Controller Managed to Autonomous

Recently had to convert Cisco 3700 AP from Controller managed to Autonomous when I client separated from their parent company and bought out the IT equipment (that was a very costly mistake – if converting from corporate to small business invest in business grade IT equipment as it is much cheaper, by thousands of dollars). I researched online and found several posts about using the “archive sw-download” method on the AP, but those didn’t work with the TAR file that I was downloading from Cisco. I found another means of doing this by resetting the AP to factory defaults which allowed me to login via the console port and switching to manual boot.

Reset AP to Default

  • Remove power from the AP
  • Hold down the MODE button
  • Plug back in power
  • Wait 30 seconds then release the MODE button

Configure AP to Manual Boot

  • You should now be able to login with the “enable” command using the password Cisco
  • Type in the following command:
    • debug capwap con cli
    • conf t
    • boot manual
    • reload

Use TFTP to update firmware

  • Download / Install a TFTP server software of your choice.
  • Move Firmware TAR file into server directory
  • Once the AP finishes the manual boot process the prompt with be ap:
  • Type in the following commands:
    • set IP_ADDR <IP Address on same subnet as TFTP server>
    • set NETMASK <Subnet Mask on same subnet at TFTP server>
    • set DEFAULT_ROUTER <IP Address of default gateway>
    • ether_init
    • tftp_init
    • tar -xtract tftp://<IP Address of TFTP Server>/<Name of firmware TAR file> flash:
  • use “dir flash:” and cd to find directory name and firmware file name, then issue the last commands:
    • set BOOT flash:/<Directory name>/<File name>
    • boot

The AP will reboot with the new firmware and be ready to access a new configuration. This method works great as long as the TFTP extraction of the TAR file completes successfully.

If you need any help gaining access to your Cisco network gear or with configuring your Cisco equipment, then contact us for support.

Most Popular Home Routers Have ‘Critical’ Flaws

Even though we recently sent out another email newsletter about this topic, we have to keep raising this issue as the work from home remains a regular occurrence. A German think tank analyzed 127 popular home routers with the majority having at least one flaw (D-Link, Netgear, ASUS, Linksys, TP-Link and Zyxel were affected by 53 critical-rated vulnerabilities each). The biggest problem is that most (91%) are built on top of an old version of Linux operating system and their makers rarely publish updates.

There are several solutions that we can discuss to secure your work from home networks, so contact us for assistance.

Recent Router Hacks Found

Vulnerability Prevention - Grants Pass, OR

In the past couple days there have been press release that show a large number of vulnerabilities in all Cisco Small Business routers and 79 models of the Netgear router line-up. Here are the articles:

https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-rv-routers-stack-vUxHmnNz

https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/79-netgear-router-models-risk-full-takeover-due-to-unpatched-bug/

The Cisco models are primarily used in small businesses, but the Netgear models include many that are used by home users – this could present a security risk for anyone who is still working from home. Cisco has released patches for the vulnerabilities and the Netgear vulnerabilities remained unpatched. 

If your company is still using a “small business” or home based router, then contact us for assistance in checking for updates or replacing them with an business grade router with automatic updates. We also provide network security auditing for both office and home work environments. 

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